Order Managing Culture And Change Essay Sample free essay sample

Introduction An administration is a composing of many persons who come together to accomplish a common intent. The persons who form the administration may be of different walks of life or keep different sentiments. faith. political association and such like. This means that their manner of making things and so how they react to the environment around them greatly varies. As such. the internal concern environment is one that is witnessed to undergo alterations clip and once more due to diverseness in the work force. Additionally. the external concern environment is capable to alterations in originating from unmanageable factors such as clime. rising prices. engineering. competition and globalization. political factors. and security and so on. These factors force administrations to accommodate to the alterations in such a manner that they are able to last hardship or tackle the chance that the environment provides for them. It is because of the afore mentioned factors that decision makers and directors of administrations are concerned about the facet of pull offing civilization and alteration within administrations. We will write a custom essay sample on Order Managing Culture And Change Essay Sample or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Furthermore. the effects of globalization and of all time dynamic engineering have made it impossible for administrations to disregard this facet of direction. In fact one may see the phrase civilization and alteration another direction craze among the many coined cants in the direction fraternity. However a closer analysis at the companies that have grasp of the importance of pull offing alteration and civilization in administrations is warranted if the bars of quality direction is to be raised. In this regard hence. the intent of this paper is to set about a instance survey analysis in the direction of civilization and alteration country. Specifically. this paper will undertake the facet of opposition to alter in administration and the company of pick is Royce Corporations* Royce Corporation saw one of its biggest challenges yet in twelvemonth 2004 when it had to undergo serious restructuring in its operations including a amalgamation with Chess Keeping Company. The chief ground behind this drastic measure was to stay competitory in the face of other renascent large Canis familiariss like Wal-Mart. to increase gross and net incomes. effects of globalization and dynamic engineering. decrease of operational costs among others. The chief alterations put in topographic point following the sale of Chess section shop to Royce included occupation cuts particularly for those workers in the back office. installing of more efficient purchasing mechanism. alterations in the client service subdivision every bit good as procurance and so on. Another alteration that occurred is that of compensation of workers. After the matrimony between the two companies it was proposed that wage was to greatly trust on employees’ attempt and hence basic wages were revised to a lower sum while committees were increased. The direction felt would be a great incentive among employees as it was public presentation based. Workers would be forced to set in excess attempt in their occupation in order to gain extremely. a move the new direction felt would be good for the company. In conformity to the optimism held by the new direction at Chess Corporations and Royce Corporations. a mark of about $ 500 million per annum was projected within the undermentioned three old ages. Four old ages have passed since the amalgamation between the two companies and a unsmooth rating of the state of affairs in the two companies shows that the mark of $ 500 million has non been met. At this point it is of import to indicate out that of the many companies that undergo alterations such as the one by Chess and Royce Corporations. merely 25 % of them win and the balance terminal up in shambles shortly after or execute manner below outlooks in footings of meeting stipulated schemes and aims. Given the legion alterations introduced the persons at Royce Corporations retentions and Chess Corporations have had to undergo many stages of alteration and forced to accommodate to new ways of making things. However. alteration is inevitable every bit good as necessary and administrations such as Chess Corporations have to construction their operations to suit the environment if they are to boom. In that visible radiation at that place comes a job of presenting alterations efficaciously so that public presentation during the passage period is non affected adversely. Possibly the first challenge that Chess and Royce Corporations companies encountered during this passage phase and possibly before the existent alteration was implemented was that of hapless staff motive. This is because it is expected that after the matrimony between the two companies the faces in direction would alter and by extension the policies and schemes used by the companies. This in itself is adequate to do a batch of apprehensiveness among the workers as they wonder what might go on to their occupations. Lay offs are smelt from afar and every one is keen on surpassing the other as a defensive mechanism to protect their employment. The possible result is that some signifier of competition may break out among workers. public presentation may dwindle significantly as involvement in the occupation wears off or workers become selfish with thoughts that might be important in separating ordinary public presentation from ad-lib public presentation. Similarly. a new organizational civilization would hold to be bred in the new company which in itself takes a batch of clip and attempt from all persons in the administration. For case. if Chess Corporations was more focussed on client satisfaction and hence trained its employees in client attention while on the other manus Royce Corporations was non so there arises a existent challenge in that the new work force will hold jobs associating to each other due to differences in the organizational civilizations. Notably. crisp differences in the organizational civilization cause differentiations within the administration and this impedes on squad work. So what are the grounds behind the opposition to alter witnessed in Royce Corporation. One major ground behind opposition to alter is the natural fright of the unknown. It is human nature to be comfy with acquaintance and normality. ( Tobin. 1999. p8 ) . Anything that is seen to endanger to distabilise the position quo is shunned with force. The workers at Royce corporation were non ready to encompass what they felt uncertain of hence the coteries that were formed among workers of the two companies. Another weighty ground behind the opposition to alter is hapless debut and execution of alteration. A instance in point is how the alterations of salary disposal were made. The employees were non informed of the at hand alterations in wages. In response. the employees felt betrayed and cheated. They felt that the direction should hold informed them before manus so that they could give their input on the affair. Most of the workers felt that the new amalgamation was out to work them and ignore their involvements as a major portion of the company’s success. As expected. the resisted the salary alterations and went on a spell slow for hebdomads until the new direction addressed their predicament. ( Palmer. 2004. p75 ) . Another alteration that was ill introduced was the occupation cuts particularly for the workers in the back office. The employees resisted the execution of the amalgamation because they felt that if the amalgamation took off smoothly they would be retrenched. Furt hermore. since the ballad off was non accompanied by any signifier of compensation hence opposition to the alteration was intensified. What is more these occupation cuts were to be done behind the employees dorsums to avoid confrontation with employees. The older workers and the freshly employed workers felt that they would be the first to be targeted in the ballad off. This added to the strength to resistance to alter. Lack of proper debut and orientation of employees to their new occupation places is besides another ground behind opposition to alter. ( Palmer. 2004. p51 ) As mentioned earlier. Royce Corporation was more clients oriented while Chess Corporation was production oriented. Given the differences in orientation. it would hold been expected that the alteration embassadors and the directors in the new merged corporation would hold taken the clip to explicate thoroughly new work processs. develop the employees for their new occupations and give clear way on how to accomplish new ends and so on. In this country the top directors at Royce corporations failed and therefore opposition from employees. Obviously. the employees felt baffled. unprepared and stressed by the alterations and resisted alteration. Importantly. the amalgamation between Chess and Royce Corporations was a baronial cause and its result should hold been successful if merely the right process was followed. The inquiry hence begs. what is the right procedure of presenting alteration and pull offing alteration? First and first. timing plays a major function. It is imprudent to present major alteration at twelvemonth terminal. At that clip people are non geared up to establish alteration. an facet that Royce Corporation identified and avoided. In add-on. effectual leading is important in guaranting smooth passage. In this instance. there was a clear deficiency of leading and therefore opposition. The employees needed person to steer them in seeing the bigger image in footings of the benefits that they could harvest. Without leading. all executions were viewed negatively. A leader would besides hold played the function of go-between so that both employees and direction involvements are met satisfactorily. Communication is critical during any alteration procedure as it ensures that the employees in the company experience portion of the procedure. It besides helps to actuate the work force during this sensitive clip. Decision Change is inevitable and administrations have to undergo alteration. Despite the fact that merely a little per centum of administrations successfully implement alteration the truth is a companies can guarantee this by following the recommended procedure. The bottom line is change affects everyone in the work force straight or indirectly and hence it should be unfastened and affecting so that trust and motive to work is non lost. Mentions Palmer. B. ( 2004 )Making Change Work: Practical Tools for Overcoming Human Resistance.ISBN 0873896114. America Society of Quality. Tobin. R. ( 1999 )Get the better ofing Resistance to Change.ISBN 0749430370. Kogan Page Ltd.

Crop Circles essays

Crop Circles essays Although some crop circles are hoaxes and are created by humans for publicity, many crop circles are authentic and are deliberately made by supernatural beings. Just 10 years ago the concept crop circle was foreign to us. Then we saw the first pictures. Questions could not be suppressed. Who or what could be behind these mysterious signs?(Anderhub, 2002). There are many theories, from the reasonable to the completely absurd. Anything but normal was the plethora of alternative theories: drunks with string, wild young farmers, disillusioned art students, out-of-work journalists, disinformation people from the military, over-application of fertilizer, interference from mobile phones, flocks of geometrically gifted crows, even sex-mad hedgehogs.(Silva, 2002). There are basically five possible causes, or creators, of crop circles: aliens or supernatural beings, animals, weather conditions, aircraft such as airplanes or helicopters, plasma vortices, and the human hoaxes. It is most likely that supernatural beings are What is a crop circle? In their simplest form crop circles appear as roughly circular markings in grass, or crops such as wheat, barley and oilseed rape. On the ground, the crop is seen to be pressed flat, with a distinctive swirled pattern, ending with a sharply defined edge, beyond which the standing crop is unaffected. The spiral pattern can be either clockwise or anti-clockwise and, when viewed from above, appears strikingly beautiful, as if stamped or printed into the crop.(Manistre, 1999). Not all crop circles are swirled, however. Occasionally crop formations are not spiraled. The crop is laid straight out radially like spokes in a bicycle wheel.(Howe, 2002). This is the exception though, not the rule. There are also several noticeable differences between the alien created authentics and the human made hoax...

The Difference between Originality and Plagiarism Essay

The Difference between Originality and Plagiarism - Essay Example Literature review is a must before we can put relevant description on the topic and research question. Our literature review should follow the concept of unity and coherence so that our discussion remains focused throughout. The description that we make out should be well structured and organized. These details are necessary for our analysis part. Analysis is a process systematically employed to arrive at certain deductions logically and scientifically. Description is like a foundation of the building on which whole construction of analysis rests. For a good and meaningful analysis, detailed but pertinent review and description is necessary. Data selection Data selection is an important part of correct analysis. Many scientific researches are not possible without a proper set of data available to researcher. Thus, data collection becomes an important part to steer meaningful research. Data collection becomes more important particularly when research has some quantitative measures to investigate. Depending upon the research question, data could be of either operational in nature such as inventory, cost, payroll, accounting or nonoperational types related to macroeconomic issues. Data also give us the information about past trend. The study of the past trend based on the available data can be extrapolated to give future indications and outcomes. Since the outcomes and results are derived from the collected data, it becomes even more important for us to remain double sure about the authenticity of data. Many marketing issues and strategies are based on several set of data that are collected across wide section of community, their buying behaviors, the demographics and many such factors. The data mining thus becomes important. Authentic data... In order to arrive at the conclusion whether US housing price has any correlation with unemployment rate, we need to have data revealing unemployment rate in last 10 years.Above data when studied in detail reveals a lot regarding some correlation between unemployment rate and housing prices. The U.S. housing price has been on rise since the year 2000 until 2007. The average price rise is found to be about 5% percent or more. The unemployment rate between 2000 and 2007 was hovering between 4 to 6 percent. This unemployment rate had no effect on the uptrend of housing price.  It is a well known fact that market moves up and down as per the demand and supply parameters. It is a fact that during the period a cheap credit was available to borrowers and that fueled the demand. Speculators did enter the market taking advantage of the easy availability of finance. Demand of the housing during the period was made of genuine consumers and speculators; however, as usual speculator’s so le objective is profiting from the deal and they are never long term holders of the commodity and they dump the good as soon as they see the first sign of weakness in the market. Once they became sellers supply increased manifold with demand reducing drastically. That is what happened in the housing market during 2008 and onwards when subprime mortgage crisis surfaced and everybody got in panicky.The whole event culminated into a crisis when economy took downturn and people started losing their jobs.

Chinese Indonesian People Discrimination Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Chinese Indonesian People Discrimination - Essay Example As a 6-year-old girl, I remember feeling helpless as I saw my parents shaking when the mob was in the vicinity of our house. They tried to keep a watch on the movements of the mob through the radio and television fearing something would happen to our family if we did not keep a close vigil, while I sat dumbfounded, not knowing what to do and how to react. The most we could do was just sit and wait till the mob calmed down and stopped indulging in the kind of heinous activities that they were. Despite this entire situation, the reason behind the action was unclear because even though some said that it was because of genocide toward Chinese Indonesian who monopolized the economy in Indonesia, but no one knows the actual truth. However, fourteen years have passed since that nightmare, but discrimination is still a big problem in Indonesia. Even though the state is not as anarchist in nature, the hatred between these two ethnicities is still visible. They tend to make misconceptions about each other beforethey really look at each individual. This bad habit can be seen in almost all walks o life including both politics and education; discrimination is very deep rooted in Indonesia. Dealing with this kind of hatred becomes extremely difficult because people are not willing to live with one another and adjust to the other’s needs. Today, people need to understand that whatever war had to take place in the past is over for a reason that the struggle does not take place again in the present. Discrimination on the basis of an ethnic group is a very saddening thing that forces the minority to live in a powerless bubble.

AN INVESTIGATION OF IT INVESTMENTS IN SMALL AND MEDIUM SIZED Essay

AN INVESTIGATION OF IT INVESTMENTS IN SMALL AND MEDIUM SIZED ENTERPRISES - Essay Example The primary research will include a short survey which will contain basic questions on the use and adoption of IT in the business. An area of the UK will be chosen for this survey, preferably an area where the author resides to reduce the costs associated with travel and to increase survey response. No personal information will be made public and participants will be notified of this. The author will use online and library resources to obtain a list of SMEs in the selected area. As a result of the methodology, the research will largely be descriptive as it will be collecting information from surveys (Creswell 2003). The research will also be explanatory because the author will attempt to provide an explanation between IT investment and productivity in SMEs (Creswell 2003). This also means that the research will be largely qualitative. Small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs) are considered to benefit the economies they serve, as they create employment and attract investment into certain areas. However, due to their size they are not able to always access and enjoy the advantages of much larger companies. For instance, large enterprises often have direct access to international and local capital markets, as they can afford the transaction costs (Enterprise Development Agency 1998). This suggests that SMEs are confined to regional markets which does not fully maximise their potential. Larger enterprises are also able to market their products and services across national boundaries whereas SMEs will be restricted to national and/or regional boundaries (Enterprise Development Agency 1998). If one considers the characteristics of SMEs, one will find that most of these enterprises are relatively small and have high operational costs which may prevent them from expanding into larger, more successful enterprises. Howeve r, there have been concerns that SMEs may not expand at a favourable rate due to their lack

Distinctions Between Art and Pornography

Distinctions Between Art and Pornography Critically examine whether it is possible to distinguish convincingly between art and pornography Introduction The distinctions between art and pornography is one that the law has struggled with. There have been many attempts of defining the two by many art critics and authors. While there are indeed standard distinctions between art and pornography, there are still limitations behind these arguments. There is still an inevitable overlap between art and pornography that makes it difficult to easily distinguish between art and pornography. Classic distinctions between art and pornography Firstly, it may seem like it is possible to distinguish convincingly between art and pornography by relying on the classic distinctions. One of the main obvious differences is that pornography is explicit and objectifies people while art is subjective and relies on opinions from the viewer. This is supported by views from academics like Ann Eaton who posits that to enjoy porn, you have to objectify women (at least temporarily),[1] and one is unable to do this while simultaneously contemplating its artistic value.[2] This means that viewers of pornographic pictures will typically focus on the body parts involved in pornography while viewers of artwork will take the art piece as a whole and not to simply accept it at face value. Another classic distinction would depend on the response invoked from the viewer. If a work seems to be solely designed to arouse sexual response, then it is viewed as pornography. Art invites the viewer to appreciate the work and it is more than just a physiological response. Jerrold Levinson has mentioned that art is centrally aimed at aesthetic experience while pornography is solely aimed at sexual arousal.[3] He feels that the two are incompatible. In other words, the different response invoked by the viewer is what determines whether something is art or pornography. People generally perceive art as possessing an element of beauty and pornography as one that is non-aesthetic. Freud has once mentioned that ‘the genitals themselves, the sight of which is always exciting, are hardly ever regarded as beautiful.’[4] Critics like Roger Scruton has also said ‘the pornographic image is like a magic wand that turns subjects into objects, people into things – and thereby disenchants them, destroying the source of their beauty.’[5] George P. Elliot has defined pornography as ‘the representation of directly or indirectly erotic arts with an intrusive vividness which offends decency without aesthetic justification.’[6] This shows how some art critics feel strongly about pornography being strictly non-aesthetic as compared to art where its beauty is to be appreciated. Lynda Nead sees art as a sign of ‘cleanliness and licit morality’, where on the other hand pornography ‘symbolizes filth and the i llicit’.[7] She is of the strong opinion that art reflects high social values where pornography reflects the other spectrum of the society which is one that is rotten. Hans Mae is of the similar view of Lynda Nead as he mentions that ‘art is concerned with beauty, while pornography is non-aesthetic and â€Å"smutty†Ã¢â‚¬â„¢. [8] This shows how pornography is stereotypically viewed as non-aesthetic pleasing and this is distinguished when comparing the beauty of art. Another difference between them is that there is the possibility of contemplation when looking at art and this is absent when viewing pornography. Schopenhauer has said that nudes prevent aesthetic contemplation as it inevitably excites lust and thus runs counter to the proper goals of art like aesthetic appreciation.[9] Kenneth Clark has mentioned to the Lord Longford committee on pornography that ‘art exists in the realm of contemplating, and is bound by some sort of imaginative transposition. The moment art becomes an incentive to action it loses its true character.’[10] This means that art requires one to enter the sphere of contemplation, if this is not possible, a subject cannot be deemed as art. Limitations of these classic distinctions However, while these classic distinctions may assist one in distinguishing between art and pornography, they are not without flaws. One can argue that there are inherent flaws in the arguments of the classic distinctions. It may be possible to objectify people while thinking about whether it is art simultaneously. An example of this would be the artwork â€Å"Arsewoman in Wonderland† by Fiona Banner. The gallery blurb states that Banner has ‘used pornographic film to explore sexuality and the extreme limits of written communication’.[11] This is one way where women are objectified and one can think about whether it is art at the same time. Ultimately, the age old adage where beauty is in the eye of the beholder can be applied to distinguishing art and pornography in terms of aesthetics. What could be considered as aesthetic pleasing to one may not be viewed as aesthetic pleasing to another. An example of this is the replica of Marcel Duchamp’s â€Å"Fountain† which consists of a standard urinal that is laid flat on its back. This certainly may not be viewed as aesthetically pleasing to some but it remains as one of his most famous artworks. This shows that this certain distinction may not always be effective in distinguishing the two. Other factors like culture play an important role in limiting or expanding the definition of both art and pornography. Previously, in September 2009, a photograph of 10 year old actress Brooke Shields, that consisted of her fully made up and naked was removed from Tate Modern’s exhibition at the time called â€Å"Pop Life†. However, now Art exhibitions like the Shunga exhibition[12] in the British Museum in 2014 portrays pornographic art pictures done by Japanese artists show how modern culture is becoming more accepting and liberal, thus expanding the informal definition of pornography. This shows how culture has evolved over the years in line with modern values and changes in perception. This means that it is challenging for there to be a fixed definition of pornography globally and the ever changing global culture makes it difficult to define ‘pornographic content’ in society. [13] The problem with art is that it is sometimes not seen as great until it i s looked at decades in advance. If art is classified as pornography immediately on its creation as is censored, one might not know how great art is. With the lack of a definition, it is inevitable that pornography and art inherently overlap in certain aspects. Instances where art and pornography inherently overlap Furthermore, while the distinctions may help to clarify the inherent differences between certain examples of art and pornography, it does not serve to show that pornography and art are fundamentally incompatible. The arguments set forth by the aforementioned academics do not show that art and pornography are mutually exclusive. Many artworks fall in the overlap between art and pornography. There are many works of pornography that possess features which supposedly disqualify pornography from the realm of art. If we use these classic distinctions exclusively, many art works may fall on the side of pornography. An example of a middle ground of art and pornography is pornographic art. This shows how the overlap of art and pornography is not necessarily a bad thing. Without this overlap. Many major works of art and literature may be lost due to its inability to be classified as art. For example, Lucian Fred’s highly explicit portraits of his nude subjects may be seen as pornography, but they are at the same time highly expressive.[14] Many of Rodein’s pornographic nude drawings like Hands on Her Sex or Naked Woman with Legs Apart which show drawings of female nudes masturbating has additional elements of it which can be perceived as expressive. In the case of literature, the novel Vox by Nicholson Baker has a pornographic stance but the intended sexual arousal gleaned from the reader is further enhanced by the literary features of the novel. This is an example of a novel that aims to be appreciated as pornographic art. [15] The sexual writing of Anais Nin emphasises strongly on sexual arousal but this is simultaneously done in order to bring to the attention of the reader her active consciousness and desires and her varying responses to certain people, feeling, and situations. [16] If we were to classify these examples as pornography, they would not be given the credit they deserve as great literary and art works. However, the issue of pornographic art has been highly contested by critics. Jerrold Levinson feels that pornography can never be classified as art of any kind. He uses the aforementioned example of Vox By Nicholson Baker and states that it only mimics and resembles pornography, and it is not pornography in its true form. He goes on to mention that he does not think that classifying pornography as art is a good idea as it ‘leaves no place for the category of erotic art as distinct from pornography’.[17] He feels the furthest one can go in relation to pornographic art is simply art that has a pornographic feature or look, pornographic art should not have a category of its own. This is not to say that there is no place for pornography in art. Tate Britain’s director, Stephen Deuchar has mentioned before that ‘much art is not comfortable’[18] which further proves that perhaps pornography can support art in the sense that it adds to the range and content of art. Many believe that the best new art allegedly infringes rules. Pornography can be used to invigorate more conventional art or question art’s susceptive work. Pornography can also serve to suggest transgression when art flies too safely to its own parameters. On the other hand, there are also disadvantages to pornography entering the artistic realm. Pornography can act as an assault and crush elevated art into being more ordinary. People often like art as it invokes reality, one can argue that visual pornography is often styled in a certain way that does not usually represent the greater part of one’s experience. Strict offences of pornography Perhaps one of the reasons why it is important to be able to distinguish effectively between pornography and art is that there are strict offences relating to pornography. Under the section 48 of the Sexual Offences Act 2003[19], it is an offence to cause or invite child prostitution or pornography. Child pornography is defined as ‘any representation of a child engaged in real or simulated explicit sexual activities or any representation of the sexual parts of a child for primarily sexual purposes’ (Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child, 2002)[20]. There have been high profile police investigations like Operation Ore that led to the investigation of thousands of people in relation to possession of child pornography and downloading and making child pornography on the internet.[21] The operation was one of a very large magnitude. This reflects how serious and widespread the offences relating to child pornography is. Hence, there is a need to distin guish between pornography and art in order for child pornographic offences to be rightly convicted. Another offence under pornography is the possession of extreme pornographic images under section 63 of the Criminal Justice and Immigration Act 2008[22]. Extreme pornography is low on morality and context, proscribing both bestiality and necrophilia. The case that was arguably the expedient basis for the need for this legislation involved Jane Longhurst[23] who was asphyxiated by Graham Coutts in 2003 in a ‘sex game’ that he claimed went wrong. Coutts’ habitual use of pornographic internet sites that featured woman in sexual activities involving death and strangulation was seen as attributing to his perverted view in relation to sexual acts. These serious crimes involving pornography shows that the law views it as a strict matter and hence it can be argued that it is important for pornography and art to be distinguished in order for these offences to be regulated effectively. Inevitably, the different attempts of defining pornography brings to mind certain legal descriptions of obscenity There has been varying attempts of defining pornography many numerous art critics. Authors like Fred Berger has mentioned that he thinks pornography involves work ‘which explicitly depicts sexual activity or arousal in a manner having little or no artistic or literary value’.[24] A definition like this inevitably reminds one of certain legal descriptions of obscenity. For example, the Miller test in the USA, fleshed out in Miller v California[25] states that for something to be obscene it has to be found appealing to the prurient interest, depicts sexual conduct and taken as a whole, lacks serious literary, artistic, political or scientific value. Roth[26] suggested that all art should be saved if it had redeeming qualities. The Miller test is problematic to the definition of pornography as it seems to merge both the idea of pornography and obscenity as one. Critics like John Huer (Art, Beauty, and Pornography) have raised the idea that pornography seems to be a subset o f obscenity, as the category of obscenity is wider as it includes many non-sexual instances. This once again reiterates the fact that the lack of a proper definition for pornography creates certain obstacles in obscenity law. Conclusion In conclusion, while it may seem like a somewhat simple task to effectively distinguish between art and pornography, one will soon realise it is not as easy as it seems due to the inevitable overlap of art and pornography and the limitations of the arguments. The current lack of definition for pornography has problems as mentioned previously. Perhaps with a possible definition of pornography in the future, art and pornography will be able to be distinguished with more ease. [1] A. W. Eaton. ‘A Sensible Antiporn Feminism’ Ethics, Vol 117, No.4, Symposium on Education and Equality (July 2007) [2] Tabatha Leggett. ‘Can pornography be art?’ (New Statesman) http://www.newstatesman.com/culture/2013/06/can-pornography-be-art#main-content [3] Jerrold Levinson. ‘Erotic Art and Pornographic Pictures’ Philosophy and Literature, Volume 29, Number 1, April 2005 (The Johns Hopkins University Press) pp 229-230 [4] Sigmund Freud. Civilization and its Discontents (Standard Edition, Volume 21). London: Hogarth Press and the Institute of Psycho-Analysis, 1961 pp 83 [5] Roger Scruton. Beauty. (Oxford: Oxford University Press 2009) [6] Elliott, George P. ‘Against Pornography.’ Perspectives on Pornography. Ed. Douglas Hughes. New York: St Martin’s  Press, 1970. Pp 74-5 [7] Lynda Nead. The Female Nude: Pornography, Art and Sexuality, Signs, Vol.15, No.2 (Winter, 1990) (The University of Chicago Press) pp 325 [8] Hans Mae. Drawing the Line: Art vs Pornography, Philosophy Compass (2011 Blackwell Publishing Ltd) pp 386 [9] Arthur Schopenhaur. The World as Will and Representation. 1 vol. Trans. E.F. J. Payne. New York: Dover, 1965 pp 207-8 [10] Lord Longford. Pornography: the Longford Report (London: Coronet, 1972) 99-100 [11] Tate Britain. Turner Prize 2002: Shortlisted artists, Fiona Banner http://www.tate.org.uk/whats-on/tate-britain/exhibition/turner-prize-2002/turner-prize-2002-shortlisted-artists-fiona [12]The British Museum. Shunga: sex and humour in Japanese art, 1600-1900 http://www.britishmuseum.org/research/research_projects/all_current_projects/shunga_japanese_art_1600-1900.aspx [13] Yaman Akdeniz. The Regulation of Pornography and Child Pornography on the Internet (Journal of Information, Law and Technology 1997 (1)) http://www2.warwick.ac.uk/fac/soc/law/elj/jilt/1997_1/akdeniz1/ [14] Matthew Kieran. Pornographic Art, Philosopy and Literature, Volune 25, Number 1, April 2001 (The Johns Hopkins University Press) pp 35 [15] Matthew Kieran. Pornographic Art, Philosopy and Literature, Volune 25, Number 1, April 2001 (The Johns Hopkins University Press) pp 44 [16] Matthew Kieran. Pornographic Art, Philosopy and Literature, Volune 25, Number 1, April 2001 (The Johns Hopkins University Press) 37 [17] Jerrold Levinson. ‘Erotic Art and Pornographic Pictures’ Philosophy and Literature, Volume 29, Number 1, April 2005 (The Johns Hopkins University Press) pp 234 [18] Nigel Reynolds. ‘Turner Prize exhibition makes art a dirty word’ (The Telegraph 2002) http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/1411671/Turner-Prize-exhibition-makes-art-a-dirty-word.html [19] Section 48 of the Sexual Offences Act 2003 http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2003/42/section/48 [20] United Nations Human Rights. Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the sale of children, child prostitution and child pornography http://www.ohchr.org/EN/ProfessionalInterest/Pages/OPSCCRC.aspx [21] John Carr. ‘A force to be reckoned with’ (The Guardian 2002) http://www.theguardian.com/technology/2002/nov/12/childrensservices.crime [22] Section 63 Criminal Justice and Immigration Act 2008 http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2008/4/section/63 [23] R v Coutts (Graham) (Costs) [2007] 6 Costs L.R. 878 [24] Berger, Fred, ‘Pornography, Sex and Censorship.’ Social theory and Practice 4 (1977) pp 184 [25] Miller v California (1973) 413 U.S. 15 [26] Roth v United States (1957) 354 U.S. 476

MBA Admissions Essays - Look Out World! :: MBA College Admissions Essays

MBA Admissions Essays - Look Out World! Â   Write a candid description of yourself, stressing those personal qualities, assets, and liabilities that you feel will influence your study for an MBA. Describe what you consider to be your most important professional and / or academic achievement to date. Â   If one were to ask my friends to describe me they would describe me as a very pleasant, diverse, active and intelligent woman. I think one of my most distinguishing characteristics is the diversity of experiences I possess. I am a science student with a flair for the arts. I am a woman with technical aptitude and an interest in management. I also have a passion for traveling and understanding different cultures of the world. All these elements have given me a very broad outlook, with varying degrees of knowledge in a range of topics. I strongly believe that although some are not related directly, all these qualities will influence my graduate work. Â   My Engineering degree has given a strong foundation to my analytical skills since civil design involves a lot of long, complex and intricate calculations and the application of basic math skills. Over the past four years, I have been working part-time with my family firm, SnMTech Systems. I am also the co-founder and active member with FOE - Friends of the Environment. I have assisted in the installation of Enterprise-wide Resource Planning (ERP) System at Blotech, a major Engineering Company. More than what I have studied in school and college, it has been these experiences that have shaped the person that I am today. Â   Â   I believe that this unique blend of experiences has made me a woman with an original point of view. This blend has given me a broader perspective to and a good understanding of life and a goal to aim for. Among other things, I have this diversity of experience to offer Utah University. My most substantial accomplishment has been the success of the software upgradation project that I managed at SnMTech Systems Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi, where I have been working as a part time Associate Intern - Management Information Systems since 1994. Â   Â   During the first two years of my work at SnMTech, I had an opportunity to observe and work with the existing system being used. Some of the software packages being used were outdated versions.

Eli Liily

1. Discuss Eli Lilly’s practices from the perspectives of utilitarianism and rights. The utilitarian principle affirms that, â€Å"an action is right from an ethical point of view if and only if the sum total of utilities produced by that act is greater than the sum total of utilities produced by any other act the agent could have performed in its place.† (Velasquez, 61) When Lilly began using homeless alcoholic subjects for phase 1 testing, they met the requirements set forth by Congress and the FDA. These subjects came forward, regardless of their personal motivation, to perform a service that would benefit the greater good. This act exemplifies utilitarianism. (Utilitarianism Principle, 63) To oppose this principle we would argue the two moral issues of rights and justice simultaneously. Some actions are morally right even if they are unjust (Utilitarianism Principle). An example of this would be a decision to steal food for your family or to let them go hungry. A person would need to decide between â€Å"legal good† versus â€Å"greater good† of feeding your family. The basic notion that separates justice from morality and suggests that one need only consider morality. (Rule-utilitarianism, 69) 2. In your judgment, is the policy of using homeless alcoholics for the test subjects morally appropriate? Why or Why not?  I believe that it is morally appropriate to use homeless alcoholics for test subjects if you consider this, an action is morally right if carrying out the action the agent exercises, exhibits or develops a morally virtuous character, and is morally wrong to the extent that by carrying out the action the agent exercises, exhibits, or develops a morally vicious character. (Virtue theory, 112) To oppose this principle we would argue the two moral issues of rights and justice simultaneously. Some actions are morally right even if they are unjust (Utilitarianism Principle). An example of this would be a decision to steal food for your family or to let them go hungry. A person would need to decide between â€Å"legal good† versus â€Å"greater good† of feeding your family. The basic notion that separates justice from morality and suggests that one need only consider morality. (Rule-utilitarianism, 69) The sacrifices these men are making are for the ultimate good of society. (Utilitarianism theory)

Rural Crime †Property Crime in the State of Arizona

Rural Crime – Property Crime in the State of Arizona Free Online Research Papers Gathered from the standardized crime statistics accumulated by the Federal Bureau of Investigation show the magnitude of Arizona’s serious crime problem. The rates of violent crimes such as rape, robbery, murder, and aggravated assault has elevated in Arizona and this increase can be due to the population growth and immigration problem this state endures. It is often believed that rural areas are crime free, however this insight is inaccurate, even though rural areas do appear as a place of safety in relation to large urban communities crime rates. The concern of the assessment of rural crime is that different people looking at the same facts are reaching different conclusions. Statistics on both the national and state level indicate that rural areas are nearly always lower then city crime rates. Yet, rural areas do have more crime then they had in the past and these crimes are serious. The characteristics of crime in America are changing as well as the way the crime issues are being confronted. The division between the citizens and the police in the 1960’s is when crime rates rapidly went on the rise. In the 1970’s a range of prevention programs were developed in respon se to the rise in crime rates. The 2006 Federal Bureau of Investigation crime report indicates property crimes are the highest committed crime in both Arizona’s rural and urban areas. Throughout Arizona history property crimes have always been a central concern due to the rapid increase over the past few years. Property crimes refer to fraud, embezzlement, burglary, larceny, forgery, motor vehicle theft, arson, as well as shoplifting, pick pocketing, and counterfeiting. Over time the theories and explanations concerning the fluctuation of property crime changes in a given society or why offenders commit specific property crimes changes significantly as well, however the increase of property crime over the last few years in Arizona seems to be related to immigration and poverty issues in our border state. â€Å"Perhaps as high as 80% of the violent crime in Phoenix area involves illegal aliens (according to Chief Hurt and Mesa police violent crimes response team)†(2). â€Å"The Arizona Attorney General’s Office of Victim Services is a comprehensive, service-oriented unit established to promote and facilitate justice and healing for Arizona’s crime victims and to provide state and local governmental assistance in ensuring crime victims’ rights and access to justice.† (3). Arizona Department of Public Safety’s Crime Victim Services Unit provide a number of programs for a variety of crime victims such as The Elder Affairs Program, Gilbert youth Adult Resources, and Mesa Police Department Victims Service unit are just a few of the programs listed on their site. Safety, healing, justice, and restitution are entitled to all victims of a crime. The Arizona Department of Public Safety’s Crime Victim Services Unit has a mission to successfully manage support funds of the Victims of Crime Act (VOCA) by guaranteeing services that are available and suitable to victims of crime, and enhancing the liberation of service s in the course of training opportunities, technical assistance, and upholding a range of care for all victims in all communities. The programs that are listed on the Arizona Crime Victims Website are located all across the state and provide support for a range of crimes. The majority of these programs assist victims with the criminal justice process, social services, victims’ rights, and advocacy groups. Table four of the preliminary semiannual uniform crime report from the Federal Bureau of Investigation shows that property crime is the highest reported crime in both rural and urban areas of Arizona, however the report shows that the four higher populated cities have all decreased their property crime rates from 2005, while the three lower populated cities have had an increase in their property crimes. As I stated above rural areas are seen as crime free, yet the FBI’s uniform report shows that rural areas have increased in certain crimes. Though Arizona provides a vast amount of victim services the majority of those services are in urban areas. I think that rural area community members need to get together at there council meetings and fight for the victims services and positive programs such as the Boys Girls Clubs be brought to there community. Victim services are very important in all cites, however it is also vital that both rural and urban areas have entertainment, ev ents, and programs for both upper and lower class to participate in so they fill their days positive events so citizens can stay out of trouble. Bibliography (1)usillegalaliens.com/impacts_of_illegal_immigration_crime.html Illegal immigration and crime (2) NEWSFLASH. alpinesurvival.com/russell-pearce_illegal-mexican-immigration.html (3) Attorney General’s Office of Victims Services dps.state.az.us/azvictims/cjs/services.asp (4) Boys Girls Clubs of America aypf.org/publications/nomoreisle/PDF/63-66.pdf (5) SLWP Research Essay msu.edu/~compeaua/finalproject.html Research Papers on Rural Crime - Property Crime in the State of ArizonaCapital PunishmentUnreasonable Searches and SeizuresThe Relationship Between Delinquency and Drug UseThe Effects of Illegal ImmigrationNever Been Kicked Out of a Place This NiceEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenPETSTEL analysis of IndiaAssess the importance of Nationalism 1815-1850 EuropeInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesRelationship between Media Coverage and Social and

Gaining a competitive advantag essays

Gaining a competitive advantag essays Gaining a competitive advantage through ERP Organizations today confront new markets, new competition and increasing customer expectations. Thus today's organizations have to constantly re-engineer their business practices and procedures to be more and more responsive to customers and competition. In the 1990's Information technology and Business Process re-engineering, used in conjunction with each other, have emerged as important tools which give organizations the leading edge. The efficiency of an enterprise depends on the quick flow of information across the complete supply chain i.e. from the customer to manufacturers to supplier. ERP (Enterprise resource planning) systems, have been a major information technology that has been used by businesses today, in hopes of gaining a competitive advantage. But this advantage seems only plausible if the implementation is coupled with process re-engineering, as well. ERP is an enterprise wide system that integrates primary business applications, including all areas and levels of an organization. All the applications in an ERP suite share a common set of data that is stored in a central database. It aims to serve as a backbone for your whole computing business, integrating key business and management processes to provide a sky-level view of much of what's going on in your organization. A typical ERP system provides applications for accounting and controlling, production and materials management, quality management, plant maintenance, sales and distribution, human resources, and project management. In the 1990s, most companies have experienced business process re-engineering and implemented ERP or other packaged software. ERP is difficult to implement. Often, firms adapt their business processes to the ERP system, rather than the other way around. This translates to using business processes similar to those of competitors and losing competitive advantage. Moreover, ERP systems only ad...

Stanley Fischer's model Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Stanley Fischer's model - Essay Example (Taylor) Implicit wage contracts is when workers are risk averse and employers are not, an implicit contract may be made with an understanding over "compromise" basic pay and hours. This may or may not generate nominal wage rigidity. Contracts like this may be non-implementable if there is asymmetric information. The Policy Ineffectiveness Proposition (PIP) is the idea in new classical economics that rational expectations implies that government policy can have no impact on real economic variables. (Wikipedia) Policy ineffectiveness proposition is a monetary policy which is an output stabilizer. It does not affect the real flow of output but rather, surprises and stabilizes the economy. It implies that in a place where the population has rational expectations, government policies which are made to influence the economy into a level of production will never be effective. Due to the flexibility of the price and wages, changes will be anticipated and adjusted on implemented policies thus it does not affect aggregated policies. Policy implications during this economic stage are; government should not do any activist policy because government should know the public's expectation and public will also try to anticipate government's expectation about the public. Just before the new Keynesian model was formulated, it was believed that the formulation of government policies does not have any direct effect on wages and prices in the market unless a surprise monetary policy was released and discloses the economic status in a short wile. It was also believed that wages and prices are completely flexible and would directly adjust to the expected price levels unless otherwise, unanticipated changes occurs which affects cumulative outputs. Arratibel and Thomas states in the consequences of staggered wage setting for the credibility of monetary policy that "In contrast with the New-Keynesian theory, new classical economists argue that credibility problems are central to the disinflationary process, so that disinflation would be costless if the government announced credible commitments. But, if multi-period contracts lead to more lasting effects of monetary policy surprises, they will enhance the credibility (time consistency) problem of monetary policy." (1) Fischer started to investigate monetary policies focusing the wage and price rigidity of which, it was believed that the formulation of government policies does not have any direct effect on wages and prices in the market unless a surprise monetary policy was released and discloses the economic status in a short wile. It was also believed that wages and prices are completely flexible and would directly adjust to the expected price levels unless otherwise, unanticipated changes occurs which affects cumulative outputs. Due to the flexibility of the price and wages, changes will be anticipated and adjusted on implemented policies thus it does not affect aggregated policies. Stanley Fischer's model of

Explain the Legal Framework for the Bank of England's Monetary Policy Essay

Explain the Legal Framework for the Bank of England's Monetary Policy - Essay Example except where clearly quoted and referenced. has been copied from material belonging to any other person e.g. from a book. handout, another student. I am aware that it is a breach of UEL regulations to copy the work of another without clear acknowledgement and that attempting to do so renders me liable to disciplinary proceedings. SECTION B: (to be completed by the tutor marking assignment) Assessment Criteria: Weightings Criteria based Feedback Mark Achieved Logical Sequence and Development 10% Evidence of Background Reading 20% Appropriate Depth of Analysis 30% Critical Evaluation of Issues/Results 25% Referencing Technique 5% Presentation including Language and Grammar 10% TOTAL MARKS 100% Good practice demonstrated: Aspect to consider for improvement: Tutor's Name: Date Received: PROVISIONAL MARK Explain the legal framework for the Bank of England’s Monetary Policy and discuss the effectiveness of central bank independence in times of financial crises. Module Code:FE3011 Mo dule Title: Monetary Economics Student Number:0843375 Table of contents 1. Introduction 3 2. Bank of England – monetary policy 3 2.1 Overview of Bank of England’s monetary policy 3 2.1.1 Monetary policy, elements and effects 3 2.1.2 Monetary policy of Bank of England 4 2.2 Legal framework for the Bank of England’s Monetary Policy 5 2.3 Effectiveness of central bank independence in times of financial crises 7 3. Conclusion 8 References 9 Appendix 10 1. Introduction In most countries, the standardization of the economy is considered as a challenging task, even when the level of national resources, as combined with commercial activities, is characterized as quite satisfactory. The development of an effective monetary policy can help a country to secure its position in the international community; at the same time, a successful monetary policy can help a country to keep the control on its industries and resources, ensuring the availability of capital required for th e completion of local government’s plans. This paper focuses on the examination of the legal framework for the Bank of England’s monetary policy; furthermore, the effectiveness of the Bank’s independence in times of financial crises is discussed referring to the literature and the empirical evidence developed in the specific field. It is proved that, in the UK, the monetary policy is influenced by a series of factors; for this reason, the legal framework for the Bank of England’s monetary policy is not standardized. In its current form, the legal framework for the Bank’s monetary policy is quite flexible, incorporating rules for regulating all aspects, as possible, of the national economy. In the future, particular emphasis should be given on the valuable role of Bank of England in securing payments across the country, regulating the monetary policy of the country and controlling the activities of bank institutions (HM Treasury 2008, p.86). 2. Bank of England – monetary policy 2.1 Overview of Bank of England’s monetary policy 2.1.1 Monetary policy, elements and effects In order to understand the characteristics and the effectiveness of Bank of England’s monetary policy, it would be necessary to refer primarily to the elements of monetary policy, as part of a country’s economic life. According to Ruddock (2008), the monetary policy of each country is set and monitored by the country’