Thomas Jefferson and Alexander Hamilton 1783-1800 Essay Example for Free

Thomas Jefferson and Alexander Hamilton 1783-1800 Essay The post-progressive war time of the Unites States saw the foundation of the principal party framework and an augmenting hole in perspectives between the affluent and the regular man. One may contend that an ideological group creates in light of a progression of dubious issues yet generally the opposing perspectives on Alexander Hamilton and Thomas Jefferson over issues identified with perspectives on government, the job of government and social way of thinking in remote and residential issues, were basically answerable for molding the ascent of ideological groups from 1783-1800. Initially dreaded by the ancestors, the ascent of ideological groups rose up out of serious ideological battles reviews of government between two political pioneers critical to President Washington’s Cabinet, Alexander Hamilton as Secretary of the Treasury and Thomas Jefferson as Secretary of State. Alexander Hamilton applied the most impact inside the recently rising Federalist Party. He accepted that lone an illuminated decision class could deliver a solid, steady and successful national government. The administration accordingly required the help of affluent men and the advancement of assembling interests. Thomas Jefferson and the Republicans shielded more the privileges of the basic man and an agrarian culture with constrained force from the national government. His essential guideline was grounded in a conviction that the individuals had a more fair and impartial impact in legislative issues than the rich. The Republican Party pulled in a greater amount of the everyday ci tizens while the Federalist Party drew support from the nobility. Albeit neither one of the sides was happy to admit to it, these establishments were known as the principal party framework. The two gatherings position on who ought to have more influence in the administration added to the to a great extent different perspectives on the basic man and the well off man. Hamilton and Jefferson’s contrasts in social way of thinking over the understanding of the Constitution and the foundation of a national bank additionally reinforced the ascent of set up ideological groups. Federalists required the national obligation to be supported and planned to make an enormous national bank credited by rich men. Hamilton safeguarded it in an arrangement introduced to Congress by asserting the general idea of the Constitution took into consideration companies to help with completing by â€Å"all means† important that which is required to do the obligations of government. Whenever allowed, this vein of thinking introduced a wide understanding of the Con stitution, one that depended upon the â€Å"elastic clause† to legitimize what is consideredâ â€Å"necessary and proper†. Jefferson and the Republicans felt the bank was unlawful and his assessment on the Constitutionality of a National Bank (1791) required a severe or exacting understanding that drew upon a way of thinking of government that expressed forces not appointed had a place, or better, are saved, for the individuals and the states. This incorporated the fuse of a bank which isn't an appointed force given to government in the Constitution. Hamilton’s rejoinder can be found in a letter to George Washington that contended for an expansive translation of the Constitution in light of the fact that it provided for the administration assigned and suggested powers. Basically, all forces esteemed â€Å"necessary and proper† for the satisfaction of designated obligations are protected, similar to the consolidation of a bank. This got known as the flexible proviso and would be applied in later discussions over sacred translation. The two gatherings response to the Constitutionality of a national bank show their differentiating convictions in how the Constitution was to be deciphered. Ending up being a significant purpose of dispute between the creating sides, Federalists likewise required an extract expense to be put on distillers of liquor. The Whiskey Rebellion was the inescapable outcome of the sanctioning of this assessment. Hamilton contended in his endeavors to stifle the Whiskey Boys that the individuals, in confirming the Constitution, had enabled the focal government to burden to take care of obligations and accommodating the nation’s resistance. Since the Constitution had not been changed in opposition to those forces Hamilton accepted that President Washington had been legitimized in collecting the duty and the Whiskey Rebellion was in this way an unjustified insubordination that should have been put somewhere around the focal government. The Republicans, profoundly dubious of tax assessment as the American pioneers had once been, didn't accept the extract duty to be sacred and praised the Whiskey Rebellion as a demonstration of ensuring rights against an injurious government activity. The individuals must be the protect of the new Republic. The Federalist political animation Mad Tom in a Rage depicted Thomas Jefferson as an alcohol splashed revolutionary helped by the fiend so as to cut the administration down. The responses to the Whiskey Rebellion reflect how the Federalists and Republicans contrasted in their translation of the Constitution. In social way of thinking, the two legislators enunciated their party’s contradiction over international strategy concerns with respect to the â€Å"revolution† in France. When the French Revolution developed to its most extreme pinnacle the Federalists responded with loathsomeness as residents toppled the privileged. In propelling the New Ship of State Hamilton said he didn't consider the To be Revolution as tantamount to the American Revolution and questioned if a â€Å"free and great government† was probably going to result from the war in France. Thomas Jefferson’s reaction was to push the expected result of the Revolution, how it would profit the entire of humanity, which means the normal man, and how this outcome must be won with the spilling of blood, along these lines legitimizing the overabundances of viciousness for the sake of republicanism. Numerous Republicans even imitated French Jacobins in dress and in talking. As strain in Europe developed Federalists supported a partnership with Great Britain while Republicans by and large preferred a more noteworthy collusion to the French. Jay’s Treaty was for the most part observed as a Hamiltonian move to improve the probability of a political relationship with Britain more than one with France. The distinction between the Federalist and Republican social ways of thinking with respect to remote relations is most effectively observed among Hamilton and Jefferson’s various responses to the French Revolution. At the point when the Federalists attempted to quiet the Republican resistance the outcome was the incomprehensibly disliked Alien and Sedition Acts went under the Federalist administration of John Adams. The Alien Act requested all outsiders thought about hazardous to leave the United States. Thus numerous Republicans discovered a lot of its help developed inside the country. The Sedition Act Read That if any individual will compose, print, articulate, or publish.scandalous and malignant works against the administration of the United Statessuch individual will be rebuffed. The Sedition Act sentenced ten men the vast majority of whom were Republicans news editors condemning the Federal government. The Republicans deciphered these laws as an endeavor to crush them and disregard the standards of free discourse. They retaliated with the Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions. The Virginia Resolution brought up how the Acts disregarded the privileges of free discourse ensured in the Constitution. Jefferson’s Kentucky Resolution contended the state’s conservative (or state’s right) hypothesis that demonstrations by the focal government could be invalidated by the sovereign states whenever considered unlawful as the Resolution so regarded the Alien and Sedition Acts. The goals invalidated the laws and added to the ascent of Republicanism and the fall of Federalism. The disputable issue contributed generally to the Federalist party’s rout inâ the presidential appointment of 1800. The contrasting sentiments on how the administration in the post-Revolutionary war period ought to be run at last made the first ascent in quite a while. The Federalist faith in an administration run by rich men and contradicting Republican help for an agrarian culture split the nations’ individuals on the side of a legislature generally advantageous to them. Contrasting responses to the French Revolution demonstrated the particular distinction in Federalist and Repub lican over international strategy. The National Bank and the extract charge on alcohol uncovered varying perspectives on how carefully the Constitution ought to be deciphered and the Alien and Sedition Acts uncover an endeavor of one gathering to break down another. The differentiating perspectives on Hamilton’s Federalism and Jefferson’s Republicanism were a definitive supporters of parting the country on perspectives on government and setting up the main ideological groups.

Hun Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Hun - Essay Example God reviled Cain and Cain was the main human conceived and the first to submit murder while Abel turned into the primary man to pass on. From the story, the prompt inspiration for Cain to slaughter his sibling was envy and outrage. The envy came about because of God tolerating Abel’s offering instead of Cain’s offering. Albeit no explanation is given for God’s tolerating Abel’s penance and dismissing Cain’s, Cain thought about the dismissal literally and felt that God dismissed him and acknowledged Abel. This drove Cain mad and he executed his sibling. The account of Cain and Abel likewise contains different components which are not as clear as outrage and desire. Cain was a rancher while Abel was a shepherd. While these two callings are complimentary in that cultivating gives grain based nourishments and crowding gives meat, the two callings require land as an asset and there is strife among ranchers and shepherds over land. Shepherds are commonly profoundly respected in the good book with a great many people, for example, Moses, Jacob and David having been shepherds. The New Testament attests that Jesus is the acceptable shepherd. In this manner, Abel had the correct calling. Cain was rebuffed to turn into a drifter. Yield ranchers ordinarily settle in one spot while shepherds move meander around. Accordingly, the discipline basically made Cain a shepherd since he was unable to meander around and ranch crops. The account of Cain and Abel is the first of contentions among siblings. This is an intermittent subject in the book of scriptures with the tale of Esau and Jacob, Joseph and his siblings, David and his siblings and among Moses and Aaro n. This story can be identified with clashes between siblings which are basic in the contemporary society. The tale of Cain and Abel has different exercises that can be applied to the contemporary society. This is in spite of the contemporary society being to a great extent industrialized and administration situated instead of little scope

4 Tips on Writing a Wedding Speech

4 Tips on Writing a Wedding Speech 4 Tips on Writing a Wedding Speech Who doesn’t love weddings? Extravagant garments, sentiment, nourishment and drink in abundance †they tick all the â€Å"Good Time† boxes. However, pause! Possibly you’re the best man, house keeper of respect, or father of the lady of the hour. Provided that this is true, you may end up diverted by dread of conveying a wedding discourse. In any case, you can’t let stresses over open talking ruin the gathering. What's more, with our top tips, you can be sure of getting your wedding discourse perfectly. We won't suggest a chime in, however it is an option.(Photo: Greg Neate/flickr) 1. The Essentials of a Wedding Speech There is an essential structure that most wedding discourses follow: Present yourself and how you know the man of the hour or potentially lady of the hour Offer an account or two about your relationship with them Discussion about the lady of the hour and man of the hour as a team Thank any individual who you have to thank (e.g., visitors, guardians of the couple) Give an impromptu speech to what's to come There is space for variety in here, contingent upon the tone you need to strike. Be that as it may, this essential structure is a decent beginning stage for any wedding discourse. 2. Be Funny (But Not Too Funny) It’s frequently enjoyable to have a few jokes or interesting stories in a wedding discourse. You can search for jokes on the web, however individuals may have heard these previously! Rather, attempt to think of something individual to the couple. Jokes are constantly more entertaining in the event that they depend on something valid. Keep in mind, however, this isn't a satire schedule. Your discourse ought to praise the couple. Furthermore, if everything you do is split jokes, it may appear you’re not paying attention to the wedding. 3. Don’t Go There! Here is a rundown of things you ought not do in your wedding discourse: Go on about the upbeat couple’s ex-accomplices Swear or potentially make smudged wisecracks Talk about the couple’s relationship issues Uncover the most humiliating stories possible Make it about you Talk for a considerable length of time and hours (10 minutes most extreme!) You can twist these standards if you’re sure the couple and visitors will approve of what you state. Yet, recollect that Aunt Ethel probably won't be as glad to hear your obscene anecdote about what the husband to be did on vacation in Thailand as you and your pals! So attempt to pass judgment on the room. 4. Get It Proofread You probably won't think editing is significant for a wedding discourse, as no one will peruse it with the exception of you. In any case, it offers focal points: Ensuring it is without mistake will make it simpler to recite for all to hear Altering will keep your discourse punchy and centered You can even demand criticism on your jokes! So on the off chance that you need to deliver an extraordinary discourse, connect to perceive how we can help.

A Deadly Mistake Uncovered on Custom Research Paper for Sale and How to Avoid It

A Deadly Mistake Uncovered on Custom Research Paper for Sale and How to Avoid It What Does Custom Research Paper for Sale Mean? A research paper involves surveying a field of knowledge so as to get the best possible info in that area. In such case you will use a few savvy hints made to tailor your research paper writing skills near perfection. A great outline is easily the most crucial step in writing a great paper. A research paper outline can help to make the writing process a whole lot more efficient, so it's well worth dedicating the opportunity to create one. Don't forget, even the most seasoned academic veterans have been required to learn to compose a research paper at some time in their career. As our group of writers is pretty big, we always have free writers keen to bring a manageable and well-paid purchase. It's obvious for students to find it really hard to compose a research paper, especially thinking about the range of different assignments and tests they must undertake. Some students think that they don't require assistance and support to compose a convincing research paper. When you submit your paper, make certain to keep a safe copy. Custom writing means a critical company with high standards. Sheets of paper ought to be stapled at the top left-hand corner. Creating a long outline can help structure your thoughts, particularly for longer papers. Correct all errors you can spot and enhance the general grade of the paper to the best of your ability. Further, you're bound to acquire excellent grades on account of the g rade of the content and presentation. Therefore, it runs with excellent accuracy with no downtimes. The Tried and True Method for Custom Research Paper for Sale in Step by Step Detail When you own a list before your eyes, it is going to be simpler to compose your mind and get started considering a specific matter. In truth, it's not that simple when it has to do with the procedure for writing every page. The statement comprises 1-2 sentences there is not any need to developer an individual thesis statement outline. You should agree it is simpler to produce the thesis statement of the paper when the remaining part of the pieces are written than attempting to connect each paragraph with a different topic sentence to the primary argument. Whatever They Told You About Custom Research Paper for Sale Is Dead Wrong...And Here's Why Writing a research paper even though may appear challenging is a considerable portion of routine student life. Understanding how to compose a research paper thesis is the key step. The subject of your paper and the selected literature needs to be adjacent. Before you commence writing a single word of your paper, you first will need to understand what your thesis will be. Research papers are designed to demonstrate a student's academic understanding of a subject. An individual should realize that every Research Paper is a sophisticated writing because it must contain distinctive research and distinctive idea. Writing a research paper is a crucial part of academics and ought not to be avoided on account of a person's anxiety. Writing a great research paper may be daunting task that needs extensive research. If you produce a decision of purchasing research papers online, a specialist in your topic is going to be assigned to you. What it means is that even in the event that you believe your topic is impressive, you may or might not be able to locate relevant sources easily. Our site is just one of the most appropriate for essay help. The cost of an essay rides on the total amount of effort the writer has to exert. Whether you need to make a paper of one-of-a-kind flawlessness, just get an essay here and our writers will provide help. The same is true for top essay writers.

The Effects of Day Care on Childrens Cognitive and Social...

The Effects of Day Care on Childrens Cognitive and Social Development What is day care? According to Scarr (1998) day care is the non-maternal care of children who reside with parents/guardians. There are two types of day-care, out of home (including CrÃÆ' ¨ches, day nurseries and childminders) and in the home (including nannies and non-residential grandparents). Today, a lot of mothers of infants under 12  ¾ months need to put their children in day care so that they can go out to work. But some people believe that day care can be harmful for children because it could interfere with their attachments. Bowlby (1951) said that mother love in infancy is as important for mental health as†¦show more content†¦If the day care is good quality then children can benefit from it. Bowlby says that if a childs mother goes to work then the child will experience deprivation (loss/separation) but if the mother goes to work during the childs first year then an attachment might not develop casing privation (lack/absence). If the child does experience deprivation then they could become extremely distressed and will go through Protest, Despair and Detachment. But Belsky and Rovine (1988) say that children arent at risk of developing an insure or no attachment unless they are being left at least four months before their first birthday and for more than 20 hours a week. However, Clarke-Stewart argues that Belsky and RovineShow MoreRelatedPsychological Evidence Into the Effects of Day Care on Childrens Cognitive and/or Social Development839 Words   |  4 PagesPsychological Evidence Into the Effects of Day Care on Childrens Cognitive and/or Social Development Effects of day care on cognitive development - cognitive development is the changes that take place throughout (in this case) a childs life, referring to his/her mental abilities. This includes memory, perception, language and intelligence. The strong bond between caregiver and child promotes this development as it allows the child to go off and explore his/her surroundingsRead MoreChild Care Is The Better Option For A Child s Development1233 Words   |  5 Pagesin a home care environment with a family or with a family member. In past years, home care was the better option for a child’s development. Child care centers were just a place where a child was left and watched for the day. In recent years, the roles of child care centers have changed. Care Center employees become caregivers and are now able to teach much need skills in learning and social readiness. Child care center provide educational programs that develop cognitive, language, social, and emotionalRead MoreEffects Of Early Childhood Intervention Programs1437 Words   |  6 PagesWhen we are born, we have a genetic makeup and biological traits. However, who we are as human beings develops through environmental and social interaction. Although there are various debates on the effects of early childhood intervention programs such a prescho ol programs on future development, the positive interactions that children experience during early intervention programs are seen to be correlated to their future developmental skills in a positive manner. 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However income and economic status only has a faint connection and cannot be considered as synonyms. Moreover the duration and timing of economic deprivation has a strong correlation between the potential detriments on children’s development. ConverselyRead MoreDeveloping A Safe And Healthy Environment1471 Words   |  6 Pagessuch as social-emotional, physical, language and cognitive development in each child (Early Learning for, 2007, p. 3). In November 2004, the Ontario administration created a great plan called the â€Å"Early Learning for Every Child Today† (ELECT). By launching this plan, Ontario fulfilled its dream. In addition, the ELECT document contains comprehensive and rich sources of information that enhances, rather than modifies, planned curriculum in all Ontario’s care centers operating under the Day NurseriesRead MoreLev Vygotsky s Theory Of Cultural Development Essay1399 Words   |  6 Pagesdissertation on the psychology of art, teaching and publishing literary works, and finally turning his attention to fundamental questions of human development and learning, where he made his biggest impact in the psychological field. Vygotsky proposed a general genetic law of cultural development in which cognitive function occurs on two planes: first on the social (between individuals), followed by the individual (internalized by the child) (Bjorklund, 2005). For a number of years, his theory mainly gained

Essay about Psychology Week 3 - 742 Words

Psychology Week 3 Assignment 1) Distinguish between operant conditioning, observational learning, and social learning. How are these different kinds of learning utilized in the work place? Give specific examples for each one. a) Operant conditioning is the learning through voluntary responses and its consequences. A specific behavior is performed and from that behavior there is a consequence. For me, in the workplace, I know that if I complete my jobs assigned to me then I am complimented on my achievements. Also, more specifically, if I have someone call and request a specific issue be resolved and I assist them in a timely fashion, then they are content and happy with the service received. b) Observational learning is the process†¦show more content†¦Overtime, a person may relate prejudice to a certain incident that may have occurred in life or event that impacted them greatly. With operant conditioning being a learning that is dealing more with consequences, I do not see where this would relate to prejudice, unless a person is receiving some type of positive reinforcement for the prejudice. 3) You are scheduled to present the results of your work on creating a new software program for your company. What memory techniques will you use in order to be free of too much dependence on notes and the PowerPoint slides? Be specific as to how you will relate the technique to the content of the presentation. a) If I am to present the results of my work on creating a software program is going to mainly be through possible repetition of the using the software prior to the presentation. With it being a visual program, I would also think visualizing the program that I am using will also assist me in being sure that I am giving a clear indication of the results of the software program in question. 4) Name and describe the three qualities of emotional intelligence according to Sternberg and Gardner? If you were interviewing applicants for a position in your company and wanted to know if they had emotional intelligence, how would you go about discovering that? Would you do that in an interview or by some other means? a) The three qualities of emotional intelligence asShow MoreRelatedPsy 300 Complete Course Material a+Work Essay993 Words   |  4 PagesCourse Material PSY 300 Week 1 DQ 1 How obedient do you consider yourself, and under what circumstances would you refuse to obey something that you were ordered to do by another person? Provide the necessary information and resources used to support your summary. Please post your responses in the DQ threads. 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Practice-based evidence: Back to theRead MoreSelf Observation Essay774 Words   |  4 Pagescommitted to staying on task. psychology Screen Writing Class 29% 33% Video 1 14% 2D Drawing 24% As you can see by the graph above, the Subjects that I study are: Psychology, Screen writing, Drawing, and Video. During the week I had a screen writing test that I was sinking most of my time into. I studied screen writing on April sixth for an hour, and on April twelfth for seventy two minutes. The screen writing test was the following day on the thirteenth. Psychology must not have had too muchRead MoreInternet Forum and Discussion Board Forums1224 Words   |  5 PagesCourse Syllabus COUN 506 Integration of Psychology and Theology Course Description Students critically examine the implications of a Christian worldview for counseling and marriage and family practice. 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An Enemy of the People free essay sample

Contemporary social universal issues are reflected in common themes that are evident in extensively appreciated texts. Written by Henrik Ibsen, An Enemy of the People is a prominent example of a text that incorporates universal topics which are those of integrity and environmental damage. Similarly, the film Erin Brockovich, directed by Steven Soderbergh, reflects these themes. Due to the variant mediums the techniques used to portray these themes to the audience are vastly different. Integrity is essential if corrupt forces in society are to be constrained or abolished. In An Enemy of the People, the protagonist, Dr. Stockmann, sacrifices everything for his moral beliefs to assist in eliminating the corruption: Id rather see it ruined than prospering on a lie! This emotive language reinforces that he values honesty, and would rather suffer financial hardships than dishonestly gain from a hazardous industry like the baths. The Doctors fierce dedication stands out in contrast to many of the plays secondary characters who seem to compromise their supposed beliefs: I should be slow to accuse the mayor because hes your bother. But I know you think as I do – the truth should come first The high modality language emphasises that Hovstad is manipulative and duplicitous as he accuses the mayor of lying to start with, but ultimately supports him, a result of his lack of integrity. Moreover, the play exemplifies the consequences that are sometimes presented to those who have a strong sense of integrity. Dr Stockmann strives diligently to expose the sordid condition of the baths so that people do not fall ill. Eventually, however, Peters machinations turn the public against him. Emotive language is used to portray the publics hatred towards the doctor: Hes an enemy! He hates us, thats what he does! Shame! Boo! Enemy of the people! The irony of this play is that the good person, Dr. Stockmann, is the one labelled as the enemy of the people. The play reveals itself as a sharp examination of the terrible price that society often demands of an individual who stays true to his or her principles. Erin Brockovich reflects the same issue of needing integrity to eradicate social ills. The protagonist, Erin Brockovich, acts in a manner motivated by morals. Fighting to sustain her life with her three children as a single parent, she is concurrently fighting for the rights of people who cannot fight for themselves. Her boss, Ed Masry, initially lacks integrity to take the case on. Brockovich, who is in rage at his moral deficiency screams at him: I don’t know shit about shit! But I sure do know the difference between right and wrong! The strong colloquial language and high modality of this statement highlights the fact that ethics do not have to rely on formal education. Furthermore, through the close up shot of Masrys stunned face the audience sees that an appeal to a persons conscience can sway a persons decisions. Consequently, Masry supports Brockovich and they ultimately win the case. This demonstrates that the virtue of integrity can lead to overcoming corruption within society. An Enemy of the People reflects Erin Brockovich in that integrity is still vital for an ethical society as both their protagonists stood up for what they believed in. Stockmann was still maintaining his stand against the solid majority and the socially corrupt institutions they support. However, Brockovich, according to the films epilogue, continued to pursue other social injustice. Hence, both texts reveal that upholding integrity is imperative. Damage to the environment can lead to grave social problems within society. In An Enemy of the People, the contamination of the environment is not only the vehicle for the plays plot but also the catalyst for the conflict that is palpable during the play. Peter Stockmann is primarily motivated by greed and power, whereas, his brother, Dr. Stockmann has passionate ethical beliefs. When the doctor tells his brother about the polluted baths and that they must be fixed Peter is deeply concerned about financial loss: We should probably have to abandon the whole thing, which has cost us so much money – and then you would have ruined your native town. The emotive language used here reinforces that in Peters unethical perspective the town and its visitors health is secondary to the fact to what the town will endure economically. The circumstances of the play highlight how money the key motivation in society and demonstrates the on-going social dilemma about balancing the needs of a community with the needs of the environment, if this balance is out the effect s on society will be detrimental. Erin Brockovich also reflects the universal theme of environmental pollution. In Erin Brockovich the reason for the environmental damage is corporate greed. The multi-billion dollar company Pacific Gas and Electric, is portrayed as socially corrupt, because they did not enact policies to keep the water contaminate free, and therefore compromised the future of Hinkley. The companys deceit about the effects of chromium in the water is revealed in dialogue: So you say this hexavalent chromium Well, its poisonous? Well, its just gotta be different than whats in our water, cause ours is okay. The guys from PGE told me; I mean they sat in my kitchen and told me. They said it was fine. This underlines the companys stance, that the suffering of the environment and society is secondary to making money. The scene in which Brockovich is collecting evidence juxtaposes the close up shot of the small dead frog with a long shot of the huge power plant nearby, to raise audience awareness of the enormity of the deleterious effect of unethical behaviour. Furthermore it encapsulates the necessity of each individual opposing such behaviour. In conclusion, An Enemy of the People depicts universal themes which are relevant to contemporary society today these themes are reflected in Erin Brockovich. Both texts illustrate to the audience how integrity is an imperative element when eradicating corruption and that a tarnished environment can have an injurious effect on society.

Balancing Creativity and Discipline free essay sample

One issue, or strength, that I identified in my analysis of â€Å"Inside Microsoft: Balancing Creativity and Discipline† was Microsoft’s ability to recognize that it needed outside help. The company recognized that it needed outside help with operational discipline to control their freewheeling business environment. The company knew that the person to be hired needed a strong background in standardized business practices, so Microsoft hired Robert J. Herbold from Procter Gamble to take the newly created position of Chief Operating Officer. Microsoft, the world’s leader in computer software, was also able to recognize the need to go to outside vendors for packaged software for the new financial reporting system and the new purchasing order systems (MSMarket and MSInvoice) that the company implemented (thanks to Herbold). Microsoft found another company that had the best software for their current need and customized where needed. No need to reinvent the wheel, right? Another issue, or strength, that I identified in my analysis involves the new systems put in place. We will write a custom essay sample on Balancing Creativity and Discipline or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page These systems gave managers instant access to a variety of data. Within seconds, management could see up-to-date information for any geographical or business unit. They were able to look at the strengths and weaknesses in financials, operations, personnel, purchasing, etc. Having instant access to data helped keep Microsoft a world profit leader, allowing it to continue its world leading research and development programs, which in turn fueled growth. â€Å"Turn on a dime† flexibility, which is mentioned as one of Microsoft’s hallmarks, is only as good as the company’s vision for direction. I would recommend that Microsoft continue on the course they are down. Herbold brought innovation in management to the company, like the company brought innovation to the market through software. Microsoft has continued to bring new products to the market and it will be challenged to do the same internally, because that is what market leaders do.

Sequence of Tenses in Spanish

Sequence of Tenses in Spanish Spanish has two basic tenses of the subjunctive mood in everyday use, the present subjunctive, and the imperfect subjunctive. (Although a future subjunctive form exists, it generally isnt used in speech, its use being limited primarily to formal legal documents.) Fortunately, knowing which tense to use is fairly easy to remember. Verbs in the subjunctive mood are typically in a part of a sentence (a dependent clause) that begins with que, which follows a verb in the indicative mood. The tense of the subjunctive verb depends on the tense of the verb in the first part of the sentence, as indicated in the following list of sentence structures. Present indicative verb que present subjunctive verb.Preterite indicative verb que imperfect subjunctive verb.Imperfect indicative verb que imperfect subjunctive verb.Future indicative verb que present subjunctive verb.Conditional indicative verb que imperfect subjunctive verb. Distinctions in the above list are often referred to as the sequence of tenses. Although there are exceptions as well as instances where the subjunctive mood is used with other sentence structures, these rules take into account the vast majority of cases where the subjunctive mood is used. Here are examples of sentences using each of the above structures: Present Indicative/Present Subjunctive Recomiendo que no estudies cuando comas. I recommend that you dont study when you eat. ¿Es buena idea que duerma con mi bebà ©? Is it a good idea for me to sleep with my baby?Todo est listo para que inicie el foro. Everything is ready for the forum to begin. Preterite Indicative/Imperfect Subjunctive Intentà © que ellos me entendieran. I tried to get them to understand me.Nunca mereciste que te amara, hasta ahora. You never deserved for me to love you, until now.Era mejor que te ensuciaras las manos. It was better that you got your hands dirty. Imperfect Indicative/Imperfect Subjunctive Yo querà ­a que cantaran juntos. I wanted them to sing together.Estaba yo en casa y esperaba que lloviera. I was at home and hoping it would rain.No aparecà ­a que hubiera tomado alcohol o sustancias tà ³xicas. It didnt appear that she had taken alcohol or poisonous substances. Future Indicative/Present Subjunctive Negarà © que seas mi hijo. I will deny that you are my son.Si suspende el examen, dudarà © que estudie mucho. If he flunks the test, I will doubt he studies much.Esperars que llegue la hora del dormir. You will hope that bedtime will come. Conditional Indicative/Imperfect Subjunctive​​ Hay 10 cosas que las mujeres desearà ­an que los hombres supieran sobre el amor. There are 10 things that women would want men to know about love. ¿Quià ©n dudarà ­a que tuviera un puesto en el equipo cubano? Who would doubt that he had a position on the Cuban team?Nunca querrà ­a que le quitaran la medalla. I would never want them to take the medal from him.

HRM strategy and implementation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

HRM strategy and implementation - Essay Example zation to lay more focus on its core activities hence increasing the output and ensuring that the business has a greater competitive advantage (Campbell 606). In some cases, focus is put on the possible impact of future sets of promotional tactics. Marketing oriented models are often used to optimise promotional strategies of an organization with respect to sales revenue or profit margins. Techniques used for this purpose were developed by econometricians and were first applied to consumer goods that were specifically being packaged. A good market model would entail a detailed mathematical representation of the actual interactions among the different market forces. These various participants include economic forces and the different choices that are made at various levels of doing business within an organization. Different market models attempt to explain or predict the behaviour of various aspects of a market. For instance, for security markets, one model would attempt to express how the return on a certain product portfolio can be maximized. A marketing model is a central component of the general marketing discipline. Information technology has indeed ensured a rapid change in the way businesses carry out their marketing (Chesbrough, et al. 2000). More customers can now be reached within a short time by use of reliable technologies that are very cost effective. Human resource refers to people-power within an organization. People within an organization are normally charged with the responsibility of ensuring that machines and other resources are put into good use. Resources such as computer systems only help to facilitate the work done by the human resource (Kelly 2003). People with various skills and academic credentials ensure that various duties are carried out in an organizational setup. The term human resource therefore refers to the way in which people are managed by organizations. Human resource is the most complex and difficult category of resources to

Compare and contrast the central tenets of liberalism and realism. How Essay - 1

Compare and contrast the central tenets of liberalism and realism. How do they differ Is there any common ground between them - Essay Example War and efforts for force turn into the key situation of realist. Liberals launch the thought of force to incorporate corporate agreements, trade and entity agreements. Realism is embodied that the world domain is revolutionary and comprises of autonomous political units called countries. These are the most significant units of movement, intrinsically controlling some hostile military capability or force which makes them conceivably risky to one another; countries can never make certain about the aims of different states. The fundamental rationale driving countries is the endurance and upholding of power; countries are sane and consider how to survive. The two methodologies are comprehended to contrast significantly in their core presumptions, in the empirical substances they can clarify, and in the forecasts that take after from their hypothetical affirmations. Though, with the appearance of realism, realists and liberals have appeared to be moving faster together (Gross, 2005). It can be said that, realism and liberalism collectively can demonstrate considerably more, in a more precise way, than they can independently. The realist model has yielded prosperous knowledge into phenomena. Hence for every model in global relations hypothesis to go its own particular way is not ongoing or even supportive it is terrible

Battle of Thermopylae Essay Example for Free

Battle of Thermopylae Essay 300 is a fictionalized depiction of the 460 B. C. Battle of Thermopylae. Adapted from Frank Miller’s graphic novel 300, director Zack Snyder evidently aimed for this cinematic spectacle as historical as the Spartan’s glory. Led by King Leonidas (Gerard Butler), the 300 best Spartan soldiers fought to death against the Persian King Xerxes’ (Rodrigo Santoro) campaign of ruling the world of men, save the last one named Dilios (David Wenham) who lived to proclaim the glory of the 300 and of course, recount the story from the birth of King Leonidas to the rigors of a Spartan soldier’s life. Through this narrative technique, we are brought to the world of grotesque-faced warriors, beautiful and cursed oracles, sex orgy, 460 B. C. political evil and gigantic fantastical beasts that made the whole movie an action historical fantasy instead of a classroom historical documentary. Created by CGI visual effects technology, the movie is an image duplication of the original comic book. The unworldly creatures came to life, a mere number of casts looked a hundred thousand or so, the amazing panoramic dark clouds added much drama to the dark scenes and the rain of gores and blood were clearly meant for action suckers rather than the sandal supporters. Indeed, human slaughter never looked so pretty. But you do not need to be a comic book or a computer animation fan to admire this cinematic landmark. The cinematography is what grabs your attention in a different way as Gladiator or Lord of the Rings or Troy ever did. Although I have to add that incorporating some of the said movies’ best shots like the Gladiator’s sunny wheat field scene, the olliphant-like creatures from LotR and the bird’s eye view battalion shots from Troy, gave us some moments sort of deja vu but over-all, Snyder did his homework pretty well in making this 460 B. C battle unbelievably believable. From the angles to the color schemes, the 300 movie looked like a technically polished storyboard. Every frame is beautiful and every panel is a cinematic feast. Unlike the technically benchmarking combat between Hector and Achilles in Troy, the combats in 300 are taken NOT from a vantage point of a spectator, but from an eye level of somebody who belongs in the battle†¦ somebody who moves in the battle. Filled with slow motion shots, the frame almost freezes to give a further zoom of the amazing sequences. The effect? Well, the audience were brought face-to-face to the thrill of the Battle of Thermopylae than they could ever imagine. The way the film flowed gave us a comic book feel to almost every scene but freed us from the eye candy gloss of the comic book. The chained giant Persians, the leprosy looking elders and warriors, the outrageously choreographed combats and the spear-causing blood showers looked wildly more spectacular than what paint brushes or video game film-making could ever do. The irony of the special effects’ impact on creating a scene of the past while setting a cinematic future gained 300 its wider acceptance. The incredible visuals were bloody mad and ferocious, which is exactly what that era is all about and what our era tries to relive, technically. We know how this is made. Shots were indoors against a blue screen and the backgrounds were added using CGI techniques. (Movie buffs get the hang of this technique after Twilight produced an exclusive documentary of the CGI behind their movie). Lacking of an all star casts and expensive shooting locations, we can say that the movie’s visual effects stole the spotlight. Even Gerard Butler’s commanding voice will not be given that much awe without the tiny acoustic touch. However, the visual techniques which so prodigiously employed didn’t just become the movie’s success but as well the movies failing. Having it overpower the substance made critics less indulged and more complaining. Many said that whatever the movie tremendously have in style, it lacks in human emotions and thus fall short in portraying the historical Battle of Thermopylae as a human history, not an epic from another world. Save Queen Gorgo’s (Lena Headey) shot to rally support for her husband, all those battle speeches sounded vain for lacking frame supports. But then again, the R rating could well make us understand that it’s the bloody, violent stunts that made us pay for the two-hour beautifully-generated tortures. To quote King Leonidas, â€Å"a new age has come, a new freedom†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ I guess, we just have to embrace it.

The Hobbit By J. R. R. Tolkien :: essays research papers

The Hobbit By J. R. R. Tolkien The story begins with a small fellow by the name of Bilbo Baggins â€Å"The Hobbit† he lives is in his house and doing what hobbits do during the day. The first few chapters tell you what a hobbit is and what a hobbit looks like and also what his home looks like. Hobbits are smaller then dwarves and eat much more then dwarves do, hobbits eat six meals a day. Bilbo is cleaning his house and preparing for a meal when an old friend of his comes past his doorway and starts to chat with Bilbo about all his adventures he has been on. After a while of talking in Bilbo’s hobbit home he tricks poor Mr. Baggins into join a journey with Thirteen dwarves to revive their lost city that was over ran by â€Å"Smuag†, a mysterious dragon that was used for delivering messages from dwarves and elves. To continue with the story after the talk with his friend, who is a wizard. Gandalf invites himself over again and ask to bring some friends, and Bilbo, a polite and well-mannered hobbit could not say no. The next morning the doorbell rings and Bilbo happily opens the door, but in his shock it is not Gandalf but it is a group of dwarves twelve dwarves in hoods. As he invites them in they all introduce themselves and at the end of their introduction the last words are â€Å"at your service†, their names are Balin, Dwalin, Kili, Fili, Dori, Nori, Ori, Oin, Gloin, Bifur, Bofur, and Bombur, and last but not least Thorin Okensheild these were the last of their kind. They were the cities last hope of bringing back the city. That night the dwarves stayed at Bilbo’s house with extra bedrooms. And the next morning they would start the real journey to their destiny. That morning Bilbo got up late and was left with dishes from his company and was the only one to clean them up. After washing the dishes he sat down to have a smoke with his pipe and was disturbed again, but it was Gandalf telling him that they are staying at the town inn. As he rushed to meet them he made it they’re just in time and they started discussing the plan (for Bilbo was their burglar and his job was to find the entrance to the secret door on the mountain where Smuag lay asleep) after the plan was discussed they set out on their journey to revive the lost city.

Teachers Point of View

As a high school teacher I have to be a facilitator-guide and a sage who imparts knowledge. I believe that teaching and learning are creative and very social. Based on my understanding, in order for some students to become productive learners; teachers should understand what is occurring inside students minds. As well, as what methods will help retain and retrieved that knowledge. Cognitive principles relates to how information is process in the mind (referred to Atkinson-Shiffrin model pg. 159). In addition, cognitive also deals with how the mind stores, organizes, retrieves and incorporates new information.The following are some of the ways I incorporated cognitive principles to my classroom, through metacognition ( schema) , rehearsal , elaboration ( activating prior knowledge) , note taking , verbal learning ( Paired- associate , serial , free-recall) , and analogies. Students now a day has a very short attention span, as a teacher I have to become eclectic. In the constructivist classroom the teacher becomes a guide for the learner, providing bridging or scaffolding (mediated learning), helping to extend the learner's zone of proximal development.Constructivist theory relates to Vygotsky’s theory of cognitive development, social interaction helps the student learn. The student is encouraged to develop metacognitive skills such as problem solving skills and reflective thinking. The self-sufficient learner is essentially motivated to generate, discover, build and enlarge their own framework of knowledge. In my classroom I observed and applied constructivist through cooperative learning, discovery learning, self- regulated learning and mediated learning. I will start my class by pre-assessing my students, to check their prior knowledge (cognitive theory of elaboration).If my students are having difficulty remembering what they learn from previous classes, than I will start scaffolding. I will give the students prompts, so that the prompts will trigger their short term memory (working memory). The prompts will give them a foundations and than they built on it and hopefully becoming independent learner. Mediated learning is applied in my class, I will show them how to perform a lab and than they will mix chemicals on their own. Their product or conclusion should be similar to my expectations. Another method that I applied in my classroom is cooperative learning.According to Vygotsky’s, students working with their peers will allow them to think out loud (private speech) and work in a thinking zone where they are comfortable at. If some of my students understand a concept that I am teaching I will break my class in groups. In each group, each member is at different cognitive level and they will assist each other. They will discuss, check each other understanding and see the concept from a different point of view. Another method that I utilized is â€Å"Group Investigation†. Each group will pick a topic and they will dis cuss, learn about that topic and than present on that topic.One of the methods that I incorporated cognitive theories is through verbal learning. In my class, if we encounter a lesson or word that is hard to remember we will associate it to another word. For instance, when we covered the Periodic Table students will associate the elements symbol to its name by using an image (Paired –associate learning through imagery). Another verbal learning is memorizing the elements name in alphabetically order or based on their weights, if in alphabetically order they will create a name or sentences based on the first initials of the elements (serial learning through initial-letter strategies).But the most effective way that I noticed in my class is free- recall. They will memorize the elements or body system in no particular order. Another example how cognitive is incorporated in my class is repetition, practice and elaboration. My students’ will practice a week before exam while other will practice a day before the exam. If my students want to benefit from what the practice they have to practice (study) everyday (distributed practice) rather than cram study. Elaboration is when they have to paraphrase. They will take a concept and than translate it to their own words, to check their understanding.When they are paraphrasing they also visualize what they are paraphrasing, because Paivio’s theory of memory stated that to retain something it has to be verbal and visual (dual- code). Graphic organizer is another technique that I applied in class; this allows the students to retrieve prior knowledge and applied it to their current classwork. There are a lot of techniques, for examples note taking, underlining, analogies, summarizing etc. But if the students are not using this techniques and the teacher is not incorporating different techniques the student will be limited.In conclusion, both constructivist and cognitive theories go hand in hand. There are different types of memories short term and long term (flashbulb, semantic, episodic memory) but for these memories to be activated there must be some stimuli that will trigger the activation. To retain the information the student has to use mnemonics (different memory strategies) but if information is meaningful it will be a schema in the brain. To trigger the working memory teachers should scaffold or student becomes self-regulators. But not all memories will be retain some are forgotten based on Atkinson-Shiffrin model

Causes and Effects of Government Shutdowns

Why would much of the U.S. federal government shut down and what happens when it does?   The Cause of Government Shutdowns The U.S. Constitution requires that all expenditures of federal funds be authorized by Congress with the approval of the President of the United States. The U.S. federal government and the federal budget process operate on a fiscal year cycle running from October 1 to midnight September 30. If Congress fails to pass all of the spending bills comprising the annual federal budget or continuing resolutions extending spending beyond the end of the fiscal year; or if the president fails to sign or vetoes any of the individual spending bills, certain non-essential functions of the government may be forced to cease due to a lack of congressionally-authorized funding. The result is a government shutdown. The Current Border Wall Shutdown of 2019 The most recent government shutdown, and the third of the Donald Trump presidency began on December 22, 2018, when Congress and the White House failed to agree on the inclusion in an annual spending bill of $5.7 billion requested by President Trump for the construction of an additional 234 miles of fencing to be added to the existing security barrier along the U.S. border with Mexico. On January 8, with no end to the impasse in sight, President Trump threatened to declare a national emergency empowering him to bypass to fund the border fencing. However, by January 12, what had become the longest lasting government shutdown in U.S. history had shuttered nine of the 15 federal executive branch agencies, and left over 800,000 federal workers—including Border Patrol officers, TSA agents, and air traffic controllers—either working without pay or sitting at home on furlough. Trash began piling up and visitor safety became an issue at national parks as park rangers had been sent home. Although Congress had passed a bill on January 11 providing eventual full back pay for the employees, the strain of missed paychecks became obvious.   In a televised address on January 19, President Trump offered a proposal he hoped would bring Democrats back to the bargaining table to negotiate on an immigration reform for border security deal that would end the then 29-day-long government shutdown. The president offered to back immigration policies Democrats and had long requested, including a three-year revival of the DACA— Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals—program in return for approval of a permanent $7 billion border security package, including $5.7 billion for the border wall. DACA is a currently expired immigration policy enacted by President Obama allowing eligible individuals who were brought to the United States illegally as children to receive a renewable two-year period of deferred action from deportation and become eligible for a work permit in the U.S. Less than an hour after the president’s address, Democrats rejected the bargain because it failed to offer permanent protection for the DACA immigrants and because it still included money for the border wall. Democrats again demanded that President Trump end the shutdown before negotiations continued. On January 24, Government Executive magazine reported that based on salary data from the U.S. Office of Personnel Management (OPM), the then 34-day-long partial government was costing U.S. taxpayers more than $86 million a day in back pay promised to more than 800,000 furloughed workers. A Temporary Agreement Reached On January 25, President Trump announced that an agreement had been reached between his office and Democratic leaders in Congress that would temporarily reopen the government until February 15 without the inclusion of any funding for construction of additional border fencing. The agreement also provided that all federal employees affected by the shutdown would receive full back pay. According to the President, the delay would allow for further negotiations on funding of the border wall, which he said remained a necessity to national security. Finally, the President stated that if funding for the border wall was not agreed to by February 15, he would either reinstate the government shutdown or declare a national emergency allowing him to reallocate existing fund for the purpose. However, on February 15, the president signed a compromise spending bill averting another shutdown. The same day, he issued a National Emergency Proclamation redirecting $3.5 billion from the Defense Department’s military construction budget to the construction of new border wall. Under the terms of the Antideficiency Act, the shutdown may not have been legal in the first place. Since the government had the $5.7 billion needed to build the border wall, the shutdown had been based on an issue of political ideology rather than an issue of economic necessity, as required by the law. The Ghosts of Shutdowns Past Between 1981 and 2019, there were five government shutdowns. While the first four went largely unnoticed by anybody but the federal employees affected, the American people shared the pain during the last one.   1981: President Reagan vetoed a continuing resolution, and 400,000 federal employees were sent home at lunch and told not to come back. A few hours later, President Reagan signed a new version of the continuing resolution and the workers were back at work the next morning. 1984: With no approved budget, 500,000 federal workers were sent home. An emergency spending bill had them all back at work the next day. 1990: With no budget or continuing resolution, the government shuts down during the entire three-day Columbus Day weekend. Most workers were off anyway and an emergency spending bill signed by President Bush over the weekend had them back at work Tuesday morning. 1995-1996: Two government shutdowns beginning on November 14, 1995, idled different functions of the federal government for various lengths of time until April of 1996. The most serious government shutdowns in the nations history resulted from a budget impasse between Democratic President Clinton and the Republican-controlled Congress over funding for Medicare, education, the environment, and public health. 2013: For 17 tedious days, from October 1 through October 16, the perennial disagreement between Republicans and Democrats in Congress over spending forced a partial shutdown that saw more than 800,000 federal employees furloughed, U.S veterans locked out of their own war memorials, and millions of visitors forced to leave national parks. Unable to pass a conventional annual budget, Congress considered a continuing resolution (CR) that would have maintained funding at current levels for six months. In the House, Tea Party Republicans attached amendments to the CR that would have delayed implementation of President Obama’s healthcare reform law–Obamacare–for one year. This amended CR had no chance of passing in the Democrat-controlled Senate. The Senate sent the House a â€Å"clean† CR with no amendments, but Speaker of the House John Boehner refused to allow the clean CR to come to a vote of the House. As a result of the impasse over Obamacare, no funding CR was passed by October 1—the end of the government’s 2013 fiscal year—and the shutdown began. As the shutdown drug on, public opinion of Republicans, Democrats and President Obama began to plummet and, to make matters worse, the U.S. was set to reach its debt limit on October 17. Failing to pass legislation raising the debt limit by the deadline could have forced the government to default on its debt for the first time in history, placing the payment of federal benefits in danger of being delayed. On October 16, faced with the debt limit crisis and increasing public disgust with Congress, Republicans and Democrats finally agreed on and passed a bill temporarily reopening the government and increasing the debt limit. Ironically, the bill—driven by the government’s need to reduce spending—also spent billions of dollars, including a tax-free gift of $174,000 to the widow of a deceased senator. The Costs of Government Shutdowns The first of the two government shutdowns in 1995-1996 lasted only six days, from November 14 to November 20. Following the six-day shutdown, the Clinton administration released an estimate of what the six days of an idled federal government had cost. Lost Dollars: The six-day shutdown cost taxpayers about $800 million, including $400 million to furloughed federal employees who were paid, but did not report to work and another $400 million in lost revenue in the four days that the IRS enforcement divisions were closed.Medicare: Some 400,000 newly eligible Medicare recipients were delayed in applying for the program.Social Security: Claims from 112,000 new Social Security applicants were not processed. 212,000 new or replacement Social Security cards were not issued. 360,000 office visits were denied. 800,000 toll-free calls for information were not answered.Healthcare: New patients were not accepted into clinical research at the National Institutes of Health (NIH) clinical center. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention ceased disease surveillance and hotline calls to NIH concerning diseases were not answered.Environment: Toxic waste clean-up work at 609 sites stopped as 2,400 Superfund workers were sent home.Law Enforcemen t and Public Safety: Delays occurred in the processing of alcohol, tobacco, firearms, and explosives applications by the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms; work on more than 3,500 bankruptcy cases reportedly was suspended; cancellation of the recruitment and testing of federal law enforcement officials reportedly occurred, including the hiring of 400 border patrol agents; and delinquent child-support cases were delayed.US Veterans: Multiple veterans services were curtailed, ranging from health and welfare to finance and travel.Travel: 80,000 passport applications were delayed. 80,000 visas were delayed. The resulting postponement or cancellation of travel cost U.S. tourist industries and airlines millions of dollars.National Parks: 2 million visitors were turned away from the nations national parks resulting in the loss of millions in revenue.Government-Backed Loans: FHA mortgage loans worth more than $800 million to more than 10,000 low-and-moderate-income working families w ere delayed. How a Government Shutdown Might Affect You As directed by the Office of Management and Budget (OMB), the federal agencies now maintain contingency plans for dealing with government shutdowns. The emphasis of those plans is to determine which functions should continue. Most notably, the Department of Homeland Security and its Transportation Security Administration (TSA) did not exist in 1995 when the last long-term government shutdown took place. Due to the critical nature of their function, it is highly likely that the TSA would continue to function normally during a government shutdown.Based on history, here is how a long-term government shutdown might impact some government-provided public services. Social Security: Benefit checks would probably keep coming, but no new applications would be accepted or processed.Income Tax: The IRS will probably stop processing paper tax returns and refunds.Border Patrol: Customs and Border Patrol functions will probably continue.Welfare: Again, the checks would probably continue, but new applications for food stamps might not be processed.Mail: The U.S. Postal Service supports itself, so mail deliveries would continue as usual.National Defense: All active duty members of all branches of all armed services would continue duty as usual, but might not get paid on time. More than half of the Defense Departments 860,000 civilian employees would also work, the others sent home.Justice System: Federal courts should remain open. Criminals will still be chased, caught, prosecuted and thrown in federal prisons, which would still be operating.Farms/USDA: Food safety inspections will probably continue, but rural development, and farm credit and loan progra ms will probably close down.Transportation: Air traffic control, TSA security personnel, and the Coast Guard will remain on the job. Applications for passports and visas may not be processed.National Parks/Tourism: Parks and forests will probably close and visitors told to leave. Visitor and interpretive centers will be closed. Non-volunteer rescue and fire control services might be shut down. National monuments and most historic sites will probably be closed. Parks police will probably continue their patrols.